GM Service Manual Online
For 1990-2009 cars only

Steering Linkage

The steering linkage consists of the following components:

    • The pitman arm
    • The relay rod
    • The steering arms
    • The tie rod

The turning motion of the steering wheel is transmitted through the steering gear and the pitman arm to the relay rod.

Inspect the steering geometry and the front alignment whenever any steering linkage components are repaired or replaced. Refer to Front Caster Adjustment and Front Camber Adjustment and Front Toe Adjustment in Wheel Alignment.

Relay Rod

The relay rod incorporates a ball joint at each end. The relay rod connects to the forward steering arm on the left side. To provide control of the right wheel, the tie rod extends the length of the axle and connects the right and left steering arms.

Inspect the steering linkage components for the following conditions:

    • Bending
    • Damage
    • Wear
    • Poor lubrication

The above conditions may cause improper and possibly dangerous steering action.

Tie Rod

The tie rod assembly consists of the following components:

    • A tie rod tube
    • The two tie rod ends
        The two tie rod ends are threaded into the tube and secured with clamps.

Right and left hand threads are used in order to permit adjustment of toe-in.

Replace the tie rods when any of the following conditions exist:

    • Excessive up and down motion
    • Excessive end play
    • Loss of motion at the ball end of the stud

Note the following characteristics before beginning any repairs to the tie rod assembly:

    • The position of the tie rod end clamps
    • The direction from which the bolts are installed

Ensure that these parts are re-installed in the proper position. Correct reinstallation prevents interference with the adjacent parts of the vehicle.