GM Service Manual Online
For 1990-2009 cars only

System Component Description (Base and GT)

The disc brake system consists of the following components:

Brake Pads: The brake pads exerts pressure onto both sides of the brake disc friction surfaces, causing a restriction of the rotation of the brake disc.

Disc Brake Rotors: The tire and wheel assemblies are attached to the brake discs. The rotary movement of the brake discs are restricted by the applied forces of the brake pads thus causing a restriction of movement on the rotation of the tire and wheel assemblies.

Brake Caliper Anchor Bracket: The brake caliper is mounted on the brake caliper anchor bracket and holds the brake caliper firmly in relation to the brake disc. Two guide pins are attached to the caliper anchor bracket. These guide pins enables a sliding motion of the brake caliper when the caliper piston is pushed out of the caliper bore.

Brake Caliper: The front brake caliper consists of twin hydraulic pistons with brake fluid seals while the rear brake caliper consists of a single hydraulic piston with a fluid seal. When hydraulic pressure is applied, a force is exerted onto the caliper pistons. The caliper pistons pushes the inner brake pad against the inner brake disc friction surface and pulls the outer brake pad against the outer brake disc friction surface. When the brakes are released, the caliper piston seal retracts the caliper piston a small amount, causing the moving parts to relax. The brake pads however remains in close proximity of the brake disc without causing a drag on the brake disc. Wear adjustment is performed automatically by the brake caliper.

System Operation (Base and GT)

When the vehicle's hydraulic brakes are applied, hydraulic force is exerted on the caliper pistons. The caliper pistons transfers this force to the inner brake pads. As the caliper pistons press the inner brake pad against the inner brake disc friction surface, the brake caliper draws the outer brake pad against the outer brake disc friction surface, causing the braking force to be equally distributed to the brake pads and thus restricting the rotation of the tire and wheel assemblies. For even distribution of the braking force the correct function of both the brake pad and brake anchor bracket is essential.

System Component Description (GXP)

The disc brake system consists of the following components:

Brake Pads: The brake pads exerts pressure onto both sides of the brake disc friction surfaces, causing a restriction of the rotation of the brake disc.

Disc Brake Rotors: The tire and wheel assemblies are attached to the brake discs. The rotary movement of the brake discs are restricted by the applied forces of the brake pads thus causing a restriction of movement on the rotation of the tire and wheel assemblies.

Disc Brake Pad Hardware: The disc brake pad hardware holds the brake pads firmly in the brake caliper assembly and in correct relationship to the brake discs. The guide pins of the disc brake pad hardware enables a sliding motion of the brake pads when the caliper pistons are pushed out of the caliper bore.

Front Brake Caliper: The front brake caliper consists of four oppossing-pistons each with a brake fluid seal. When hydraulic pressure is applied, a force is exerted on the caliper pistons. The caliper pistons pushes the brake pads against both sides of the brake disc friction surfaces.

Rear Brake Caliper: The rear brake caliper consists of a single hydraulic piston with a brake fluid seal. When hydraulic pressure is applied, a force is exerted onto the caliper piston. The caliper piston pushes the inner brake pad against the inner brake disc friction surface and pulls the outer brake pad against the outer brake disc friction surface. When the brakes are released, the caliper piston seal retract the caliper piston a small amount, causing the moving parts to relax. The brake pads however remains in close proximity of the brake disc without causing a drag on the brake disc. Wear adjustment is performed automatically by the brake caliper.

System Operation (GXP)

Front

When the vehicle's hydraulic brakes are applied, hydraulic force is exerted on the caliper pistons. The caliper pistons transfers this force to the inner and outer brake pads. The brake calipers are a fixed, opposing-piston design, causing the braking force to be equally distributed through the distribution of the pressurized brake fluid within the brake caliper. The brake pads applies the braking force to the friction surfaces on both sides of the brake rotors, which restricts the rotation of the tire and wheel assemblies. When the hydraulic pressure are released, the caliper piston seals retracts the caliper piston a small amount, causing the moving parts to relax. The brake pads however remains in close proximity of the brake disc without causing a drag on the brake disc. Wear adjustment is performed automatically by the brake caliper. For even distribution of the braking force the correct function of both the brake pad hardware and of the brake caliper inboard and outboard caliper pistons are essential.

Rear

When the vehicle's hydraulic brakes are applied, mechanical force is exerted on the caliper pistons. The caliper pistons transfers this force to the inner brake pads. As the caliper pistons press the inner brake pads against the inner brake disc friction surface, the brake caliper draws the outer brake pads against the outer brake disc friction surface, causing the braking force to be equally distributed to the brake pads and thus restricting the rotation of the tire and wheel assemblies. For even distribution of the braking force the correct function of both the brake pad and brake anchor bracket is essential.