GM Service Manual Online
For 1990-2009 cars only
Makes 🢒 Buick 🢒 1997 🢒 Riviera 🢒 DTC 🢒 DTC P1651 Cooling Fan Relay 1 Control Circuit

Refer to

PCM Cooling Fans VIN 1 and K


Object Number: 57631 Size: FS
Engine Controls Components
Electric Cooling Fan
PCM Brake Switch, TCC, 1-2 Shift, 2-3 Shift, and PC Solenoid VIN 1 and K
PCM A/C Compressor Clutch VIN 1 and K
OBD II Symbol Description Notice
OBD II Symbol Description Notice
Handling ESD Sensitive Parts Notice
Engine Controls Schematic References
Engine Controls Schematic References
 .

Circuit Description

Output Driver Modules (ODMs) are used by the PCM to turn on many of the current-driven devices that are needed to control various engine and Transaxle functions. Each ODM is capable of controlling up to 7 separate outputs by applying ground to the device which the PCM is commanding ON. Unlike the Quad Driver Modules (QDMs) used in prior model years, ODMs have the capability of diagnosing each output circuit individually. DTC P1651 set indicates an improper voltage level has been detected on the Fan 1 control circuit, which controls the low speed cooling fans relay.

Conditions for Setting the DTC
    • The ignition is ON.
    • An improper voltage level has been detected on the Fan 1 relay control circuit.
    • The above conditions present for at least 30 seconds.

Action Taken When the DTC Sets
    • The PCM will illuminate the malfunction indicator lamp (MIL) during the second consecutive trip in which the diagnostic test has been run and failed.
    • The PCM will store conditions which were present when the DTC set as Freeze Frame and Failure Records data.

Conditions for Clearing the MIL/DTC
    • The PCM will turn OFF the MIL during the third consecutive trip in which the diagnostic has been run and passed.
    • The History DTC will clear after 40 consecutive warm-up cycles have occurred without a malfunction.
    • The DTC can be cleared by using the scan tool.

Diagnostic Aids

Check for the following conditions:

    • Poor connection at the PCM.
        Inspect harness connectors for backed out terminals, improper mating, broken locks, improperly formed or damaged terminals, and poor terminal to wire connection.
    • Damaged harness.
        Inspect the wiring harness for damage.
    • If the harness appears to be OK, disconnect the PCM, turn the ignition ON and observe a voltmeter connected between the Fan 1 control circuit and ground at the PCM harness connector while moving connectors and wiring harnesses related to the Fan 1 relay. A change in voltage will indicate the location of the malfunction.

Reviewing the Fail Records vehicle mileage since the diagnostic test last failed may help determine how often the condition that caused the DTC to be set occurs. This may assist in diagnosing the condition.

Test Description

Number(s) below refer to the step number(s) on the Diagnostic Table.

  1. Normally, ignition feed voltage should be present on the control circuit with the PCM disconnected and the ignition turned ON.

    2.

  2. Checks for a shorted component or a short to B+ on the control circuit. Either condition would result in a measured current of over 500 milliamps. Also checks for a component that is going open while being operated, resulting in a measured current of 0 milliamps.

    3.

  3. Checks for a short to voltage on the control circuit.

    4.

  4. This vehicle is equipped with a PCM which utilizes an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). When the PCM is being replaced, the new PCM must be programmed.

DTC P1651 -- Fan 1 Relay Control Circuit

Step

Action

Value(s)

Yes

No

1

Was the Powertrain On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Check performed?

--

Go to Step 2

Go to the Powertrain On Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Check

2

  1. Turn OFF the ignition switch.
  2. Disconnect the PCM.
  3. Turn ON the ignition switch.
  4. Using a J 39200 Digital Multimeter, measure voltage between the fan 1 control circuit at the PCM harness connector and ground.

Is voltage near the specified value?

B+

Go to Step 3

Go to Step 6

3

  1. Disconnect the cooling fans.
  2. Connect the digital multimeter to measure current between the fan 1 control circuit at the PCM harness connector and ground.
  3. Monitor the current reading on the digital multimeter for at least 2 minutes.

Does the current reading remain between the specified values?

0.05-0.5 Amp

(50-500 mA)

Go to Step 11

Go to Step 4

4

  1. Turn OFF the ignition switch.
  2. Reconnect the cooling fans.
  3. Disconnect the low speed cooling fan relay (leave the PCM disconnected).
  4. Turn ON the ignition switch.
  5. Using the digital multimeter, measure voltage between the fan 1 control circuit and ground.

Is voltage at the specified value?

0V

Go to Step 10

Go to Step 5

5

Locate and repair short to voltage in the fan 1 control circuit. Refer to Repair Procedures in Electrical Diagnosis.

Is action complete?

--

Go to Step 16

--

6
  1. Turn OFF the ignition switch.
  2. Check the ignition feed fuse for the low speed cooling fan relay.

Is the fuse blown?

--

Go to Step 7

Go to Step 8

7
  1. Locate and repair short to ground in ignition feed circuit for the low speed cooling fan relay. Refer to Fuse Block Details in Electrical Diagnosis.
  2. Replace the fuse.

Is action complete?

--

Go to Step 16

--

8
  1. Disconnect the low speed cooling fan relay.
  2. Turn ON the ignition switch.
  3. Measure voltage between the ignition feed circuit for the low speed cooling fan relay and ground.

Is voltage near the specified value?

B+

Go to Step 9

Go to Step 13

9
  1. Check the fan 1 control circuit for an open or a short to ground.
  2. If a problem is found, repair the fan 1 control circuit. Refer to Repair Procedures in Electrical Diagnosis.

Was a problem found?

--

Go to Step 16

Go to Step 10

10
  1. Check for the following conditions:
    2. • The fan 1 control circuit for a poor connection at the PCM.
    • The fan 1 control circuit for a poor connection at the low speed cooling fan relay.
    • The low speed cooling fan relay ignition feed circuit for a poor connection at the low speed cooling fan relay.
  2. If a problem is found, replace loose terminal(s) as necessary. Refer to Repair Procedures in Electrical Diagnosis.

Was a problem found?

--

Go to Step 16

Go to Step 14

11
  1. Turn OFF the ignition switch.
  2. Reconnect the cooling fans.
  3. Reconnect the PCM.
  4. Disconnect the low speed cooling fan relay.
  5. Turn ON the ignition switch.
  6. Connect a test light between the fan 1 control circuit and the ignition feed circuit at the low speed cooling fan relay harness connector.
  7. Using the scan tool outputs test function, cycle the fan 1 output ON and OFF.

Does the test light flash ON and OFF?

--

Refer to Diagnostic Aids

Go to Step 12

12
  1. Check the fan 1 control circuit for a poor connection at the PCM.
  2. If a problem is found, replace loose terminal. Refer to Repair Procedures in Electrical Diagnosis.

Was a problem found?

--

Go to Step 16

Go to Step 15

13

Locate and repair open in ignition feed circuit to the low speed cooling fan relay. Refer to Repair Procedures in Electrical Diagnosis.

Is action complete?

--

Go to Step 16

--

14

Replace the low speed cooling fan relay.

Is action complete?

--

Go to Step16

--

15

Replace the PCM.

Important:: The replacement PCM must be programmed. Refer to Powertrain Control Module Replacement/Programming .

Is action complete?

--

Go to Step16

--

16
  1. Review and record scan tool Fail Records data.
  2. Clear DTCs.
  3. Operate the vehicle within Fail Records conditions.
  4. Using a scan tool, monitor Specific DTC info for DTC P1651 until the DTC P1651 test runs.

Does the scan tool indicate DTC P1651 failed this ign?

--

Go to Step 2

System OK