GM Service Manual Online
For 1990-2009 cars only
Makes 🢒 Cadillac 🢒 2005 🢒 CTS 🢒 Engine 🢒 Engine Controls - 2.8L 🢒 Fuel Injector Balance Test with Special Tool
Table 1: Fuel Injector Balance Test Example (Typical)
Table 2: Fuel Injector Balance Test Procedure

Object Number: 17713 Size: SF
(1)First Fuel Pressure Gage Reading
(2)Second Fuel Pressure Gage Reading

Fuel Injector Balance Test Example (Typical)

Cylinder

1

2

3

4

1st Reading

360 kPa (52 psi)

360 kPa (52 psi)

360 kPa (52 psi)

360 kPa (52 psi)

2nd Reading

155 kPa (22 psi)

111 kPa (16 psi)

155 kPa (22 psi)

249 kPa (36 psi)

Amount of Drop

205 kPa (30 psi)

249 kPa (36 psi)

205 kPa (30 psi)

151 kPa (22 psi)

Average Range: 156-176 kPa (22.5-25.5 psi)

Injector OK

Replace fuel injector - too much fuel pressure drop

Injector OK

Replace fuel injector - too little fuel pressure drop

Test Description

The numbers below refer to the step numbers on the diagnostic table.

  1. The engine coolant temperature must be below the operating temperature in order to avoid irregular fuel pressure readings due to hot soak fuel boiling.

    2.

  2. This step tests for an internal fuel leak. If the fuel pressure drops during this test, then an internal loss of pressure is indicated. The fuel pressure should reach a steady value.

    3.

  3. If the pressure drop value for each fuel injector is within 10 kPa (1.5 psi) of the average pressure drop value, the fuel injectors are flowing properly. Calculate the pressure drop value for each fuel injector by subtracting the second pressure reading from the first pressure reading. Refer to the illustration above.

Fuel Injector Balance Test Procedure

Step

Action

Values

Yes

No

1

Did you perform the Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle?

--

Go to Step 2

Go to Diagnostic System Check - Vehicle

2

Did you perform the Fuel Injector Coil Test?

--

Go to Step 3

Go to Fuel Injector Solenoid Coil Test

3

Important : Do not perform this test if the engine coolant temperature (ECT) is above 94°C (201°F).

Observe the ECT sensor parameter with a scan tool.

Does the scan tool indicate that the ECT parameter is less than the specified value?

94°C (201°F)

Go to Step 4

--

4

Important: Verify there is adequate fuel in the fuel tank before proceeding with this diagnostic.

  1. Turn OFF the ignition.
  2. Install the fuel pressure gage. Refer to Fuel Pressure Gage Installation and Removal .
  3. Turn ON the ignition, with the engine OFF.

    4. Important: Additional DTCs may set when using the Fuel Pump output control.

  4. Command the fuel pump ON with a scan tool.

    5. Important: 

       • It may be necessary to command the fuel pump ON a few times, in order to obtain the highest possible fuel pressure.
       • Do not start the engine.

  5. Observe the fuel pressure gage, with the fuel pump commanded ON.

Is the fuel pressure within the specified range?

380-410 kPa (55-60 psi)

Go to Step 5

Go to Fuel System Diagnosis

5

Important: The fuel pressure will drop when the fuel pump stops operating. After the fuel pump stops operating, the fuel pressure should stabilize and remain constant.

  1. Allow the fuel pressure to stabilize.
  2. Monitor the fuel pressure gage for 1 minute.

Does the fuel pressure decrease by more than the specified value?

34 kPa (5 psi)

Go to Fuel System Diagnosis

Go to Step 6

6

  1. Turn OFF the ignition.

    2. Important:  If the upper intake manifold has been removed, use the J 44602 Injector Test Adapter.

  2. Connect the J 39021 Fuel Injector Tester, the J 39021-210 Injector Selector Switch Box, and the EL-39021-460 Fuel Injector Test Harness to the multi-way fuel injector connector.
  3. Set the amperage supply selector switch on the fuel injector tester to the Balance Test 0.5-2.5 amp position.
  4. Turn ON the ignition, with the engine OFF.
  5. Command the fuel pump on and then off with a scan tool.
  6. Record the fuel pressure indicated by the fuel pressure gage after the fuel pressure stabilizes. This is the first pressure reading.

    7. Important: Record the fuel pressure value immediately after the fuel injector stops pulsing. The fuel pressure may rise after the fuel injector stops pulsing. Do not record the higher fuel pressure value.

  7. Turn ON the fuel injector by depressing the Push to Start Test button on the fuel injector tester.
  8. Record the fuel pressure indicated by the fuel pressure gage. This is the second fuel pressure reading.
  9. Repeat steps 1 through 6 for each fuel injector.
  10. Subtract the second pressure reading from the first pressure reading for one fuel injector. The result is the pressure drop value.
  11. Obtain a pressure drop value for each fuel injector.
  12. Add all of the individual pressure drop values. This is the total pressure drop.
  13. Divide the total pressure drop by the number of fuel injectors. This is the average pressure drop.

Does any fuel injector have a pressure drop value that is more than the average pressure drop or less than the average pressure drop by the specified value?

10 kPa (1.5 psi)

Go to Step 7

Go to Symptoms - Engine Controls

7

Replace the affected fuel injector. Refer to Fuel Injector and Fuel Rail Replacement .

Did you complete the replacement?

--

Go to Step 8

--

8

Operate the vehicle in order to verify the repair.

Does a driveability condition still exist?

--

Go to Symptoms - Engine Controls

System OK