Diagnostic Instructions
DTC Descriptors
DTC P0171: Fuel Trim System Lean Bank 1
DTC P0172: Fuel Trim System Rich Bank 1
DTC P0174: Fuel Trim System Lean Bank 2
DTC P0175: Fuel Trim System Rich Bank 2
Circuit/System Description
The engine control module (ECM) controls the air/fuel metering system in order to provide the best possible combination of driveability, fuel economy, and emission control. Fuel delivery is controlled differently during Open Loop and Closed Loop (CL).
During Open Loop, the ECM determines fuel delivery based on sensor signals without heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) input. During CL, the ECM adds HO2S inputs and level of purge to calculate the short and long term fuel trim (FT) adjustments. If the HO2S indicates
a lean condition, the fuel trim values will be above 0 percent. If the HO2S indicates a rich condition, the FT values will be below 0 percent. The short term FT values change rapidly in response to the HO2S voltage signals. The long term FT makes
coarse adjustments in order to maintain an optimum air/fuel ratio. A block of memory cells contain information arranged in combinations of engine RPM and engine load for a full range of vehicle operating conditions. The long term FT diagnostic is based on an
average of cells currently being used. The ECM selects the cells based on the engine speed and load. The FT diagnostic will conduct a test to determine if a rich failure actually exists or if excessive vapor from the evaporative emission (EVAP) canister is causing
a rich condition.
If the ECM detects an excessively lean condition, DTC P0171, P0174 sets. If the ECM detects an excessively rich condition, DTC P0172, P0175 sets.
Conditions for Running the DTC
• | DTCs P0030, P0036, P0050, P0053, P0054, P0056, P0059, P0060, P0068, P0101, P0102, P0103, P0107, P0108, P0112, P0113, P0116, P0120, P0121, P0122, P0123, P0128, P0131, P0132, P0133, P0134, P0135, P0137, P0138, P0140, P0141, P0151, P0152, P0153,
P0154, P0155, P0157, P0158, P0160, P0161, P0201-P0206, P0220, P0222, P0223, P0300, P0442, P0443, P0446, P0449, P0451, P0452, P0453, P0454, P0455, P0461, P0462, P0463, P0464, P0496, P0506, P0507, P1133, P1153, P1516, P2101, P2119, P2120, P2122, P2123, P2125,
P2127, P2128, P2135, P2138, P2176, P2270, P2271, P2272, P2273, P2A00, P2A03 are not set. |
• | The Loop Status parameter indicates Closed. |
• | The Fuel Trim Learn is enabled. |
• | The engine coolant temperature (ECT) is between -38 and +150°C (-36.4 and +302°F). |
• | The intake air temperature (IAT) is between -38 and +150°C (-36.4 and +302°F). |
• | The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) is between 10-255 kPa. |
• | The vehicle speed is less than 300 km/h (186 mph). |
• | The engine speed is between 400-7,000 RPM. |
• | The mass air flow (MAF) is between 1-510 g/s. |
• | The barometric pressure (BARO) is more than 70 kPa. |
• | The fuel level is more than 10 percent. |
• | DTC P0171 or P0172 runs continuously when the above conditions have been met. |
Conditions for Setting the DTC
• | The average long term FT value is more or less than a calibrated value. |
• | The above condition is present for approximately 3 minutes after the Conditions for Running the DTC have been met. |
• | The diagnostic runs continuously. |
Actions Taken When DTC Sets
• | DTCs P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175 are Type B DTCs. |
• | The ECM records the operating conditions at the time the diagnostic fails. The first time the diagnostic fails the ECM stores this information in the Failure Records. If the diagnostic reports a failure on the second ignition cycle, the ECM records
the operating conditions at the time of the failure. the ECM writes the operating conditions to the Freeze Frame and updates the Failure Records. The ECM illuminates the malfunction indication lamp (MIL) when one of the following occurs: |
- | The ECM detects the same fuel trim failure during 2 consecutive trips. |
- | If the ECM detects any fuel trim failure during any subsequent trip if the conditions at the time of failure meet the following criteria: |
• | The engine load is within 20 percent of the previous test that failed. |
• | The engine speed is within 375 RPM of the previous test that failed. |
• | The engine coolant temperature is in the same range of the previous test that failed. |
Conditions for Clearing the MIL/DTC
• | DTCs P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175 are Type B DTCs. |
• | The ECM turns OFF the MIL at the beginning of the fourth ignition cycle, after 3 ignition cycles that the diagnostic runs and does not fail. |
• | A current DTC, Last Test Failed, clears when the diagnostic runs and passes. |
• | A history DTC and related Freeze Frame data clears after 40 warm-up cycles if no failures are reported by this or any other emission related diagnostic. |
• | Clear the MIL and the DTC with a scan tool. |
Diagnostic Aids
On vehicles equipped with a vacuum brake booster, rapid brake pedal cycling may imitate a vacuum leak.
Reference Information
Electrical Information Reference
DTC Type Reference
Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Type Definitions
Scan Tool Reference
Control Module References
for scan tool information
Circuit/System Verification
Important: Disregard any transmission symptoms, antilock brake system (ABS) indicators, and traction control system (TCS) indicators until any fuel trim faults are repaired. A fuel trim fault may cause default actions such as harsh
shifts and illumination of the ABS/TCS indicators.
• | Verify that other DTCs are not set. |
• | Allow the engine to reach operating temperature. With the engine running, observe the HO2S 1 parameter with a scan tool. The HO2S 1 value should vary from approximately 40 mV to approximately 900 mV, and respond to fueling
changes. |
⇒ | If the value does not vary from approximately 40 mV to approximately 900 mV, refer to
DTC P0030, P0036, P0053, P0054, P0135, or P0141
,
DTC P0050, P0056, P0059, P0060, P0155, or P0161
,
DTC P0131, P0132, P0137, or P0138
,
DTC P0133, P0134, P013A, P013B, P013E, P013F, P0140, P1133, P2270, P2271, or P2A00
,
DTC P0151, P0152, P0157, or P0158
, or
DTC P013C, P013D, P014A, P014B, P0153, P0154, P0160, P1153, P2272, P2273, or P2A03
. |
| Important: The EVAP purge enablement may cause the FT to be momentarily outside the normal range.
|
• | The normal Short Term FT parameter should be between +10 percent and -10 percent, with near 0 percent the optimum, with the engine running at operating temperature. |
• | The Long Term FT parameter should be between +10 percent and -10 percent, with near 0 percent the optimum, with the engine running at operating temperature. |
Circuit/System Testing
P0171 and P0174
Allow the engine to reach operating temperature. With the engine running, observe the affected Long Term FT parameter with a scan tool. The value should be less than approximately 19.5 percent with the engine running at operating temperature.
⇒ | If the value is not less than 19.5 percent, inspect for the following: |
• | With the ignition ON and the engine OFF, observe the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor parameter. The MAP sensor pressure should be within the range specified for your altitude. Refer to
Altitude Versus Barometric Pressure
. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor does not indicate the correct barometric pressure, refer to
DTC P0106
. |
• | With the engine idling and the transmission in the Park or Neutral position, observe the MAP sensor parameter. The MAP sensor parameter should be between 19-42 kPa. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor is not between 19-42 kPa at idle, refer to
DTC P0106
. |
• | With the engine idling, observe the mass air flow (MAF) sensor parameter. The MAF sensor parameter should be between 3-10 g/s at idle. |
• | Vacuum hoses for splits, kinks, and improper connections |
• | Insufficient fuel in the tank |
• | Vacuum leaks at the intake manifold, the throttle body, the brake booster hose, and the injector O-rings |
• | The air induction system and the air intake ducts for leaks or for a missing air filter element |
• | A cracked EVAP canister |
• | Evaporative pipes obstructed or leaking |
• | The HO2S for improper installation and for electrical wires or connectors that may have contacted the exhaust system |
• | The HO2S signal circuit open, shorted to ground, or shorted to the low reference circuit |
• | The HO2S sensor 1 low signal circuit for an open circuit or high resistance |
Repair or replace as necessary.
P0172 and P0175
Allow the engine to reach operating temperature. With the engine running, observe the affected Long Term FT parameter with a scan tool. The value should be more than approximately -25 percent with the engine running at operating temperature.
⇒ | If the value is not more than -25 percent, inspect for the following: |
• | With the ignition ON and the engine OFF, observe the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor parameter. The MAP sensor pressure should be within the range specified for your altitude. Refer to
Altitude Versus Barometric Pressure
. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor does not indicate the correct barometric pressure, refer to
DTC P0106
. |
• | With the engine idling and the transmission in the Park or Neutral position, observe the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor parameter. The MAP sensor parameter should be between 19-42 kPa. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor parameter is not between 19-42 kPa, refer to
DTC P0106
. |
• | With the engine idling, observe the mass air flow (MAF) sensor parameter. The MAF sensor parameter should be between 3-10 g/s at idle. |
• | Vacuum hoses for splits, kinks, and improper connections |
• | The air duct for being collapsed or restricted |
• | The air filter for being dirty or restricted |
• | Objects blocking the throttle body |
• | The evaporative emissions control system for improper operation |
• | The HO2S 1 for improper installation and for electrical wires or connectors that may have contacted the exhaust system |
• | The HO2S 1 signal circuit shorted to voltage |
Repair or replace as necessary.
Repair Instructions
Repair Verification
Important: After repairs, use the scan tool Fuel Trim Reset function in order to reset the Long Term Fuel Trim values.
- Install any components or connectors that have been removed or replaced during diagnosis.
- Perform any adjustment, programming, or setup procedures that are required when a component or module is removed or replaced.
- Turn ON the ignition, with the engine OFF.
Important: DO NOT clear codes with the engine running. DTCs may reset in the same ignition cycle.
- Clear the DTCs.
- Turn OFF the ignition for 60 seconds.
- Start the engine.
- Duplicate the Conditions for Running the DTC and use Freeze Frame/Failure Records, if applicable, in order to verify the DTC does not reset. If the DTC resets or another DTC is present, refer to
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List - Vehicle
and perform the appropriate diagnostic procedure.
- To verify that the performance of the catalytic converter has not been affected by the condition that set this DTC, perform the Repair Verification for DTC P0420 or P0430. Refer to
DTC P0420 or P0430
.
Diagnostic Instructions
DTC Descriptors
DTC P0171: Fuel Trim System Lean Bank 1
DTC P0172: Fuel Trim System Rich Bank 1
DTC P0174: Fuel Trim System Lean Bank 2
DTC P0175: Fuel Trim System Rich Bank 2
Circuit/System Description
The engine control module (ECM) controls the air/fuel metering system in order to provide the best possible combination of driveability, fuel economy, and emission control. Fuel delivery is controlled differently during Open Loop and Closed Loop (CL).
During Open Loop, the ECM determines fuel delivery based on sensor signals without heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) input. During CL, the ECM adds HO2S inputs and level of purge to calculate the short and long term fuel trim (FT) adjustments. If the HO2S indicates
a lean condition, the fuel trim values will be above 0 percent. If the HO2S indicates a rich condition, the FT values will be below 0 percent. The short term FT values change rapidly in response to the HO2S voltage signals. The long term FT makes
coarse adjustments in order to maintain an optimum air/fuel ratio. A block of memory cells contain information arranged in combinations of engine RPM and engine load for a full range of vehicle operating conditions. The long term FT diagnostic is based on an
average of cells currently being used. The ECM selects the cells based on the engine speed and load. The FT diagnostic will conduct a test to determine if a rich failure actually exists or if excessive vapor from the evaporative emission (EVAP) canister is causing
a rich condition.
If the ECM detects an excessively lean condition, DTC P0171, P0174 sets. If the ECM detects an excessively rich condition, DTC P0172, P0175 sets.
Conditions for Running the DTC
• | DTCs P0030, P0036, P0050, P0053, P0054, P0056, P0059, P0060, P0068, P0101, P0102, P0103, P0107, P0108, P0112, P0113, P0116, P0120, P0121, P0122, P0123, P0128, P0131, P0132, P0133, P0134, P0135, P0137, P0138, P0140, P0141, P0151, P0152, P0153,
P0154, P0155, P0157, P0158, P0160, P0161, P0201-P0206, P0220, P0222, P0223, P0300, P0442, P0443, P0446, P0449, P0451, P0452, P0453, P0454, P0455, P0461, P0462, P0463, P0464, P0496, P0506, P0507, P1133, P1153, P1516, P2101, P2119, P2120, P2122, P2123, P2125,
P2127, P2128, P2135, P2138, P2176, P2270, P2271, P2272, P2273, P2A00, P2A03 are not set. |
• | The Loop Status parameter indicates Closed. |
• | The Fuel Trim Learn is enabled. |
• | The engine coolant temperature (ECT) is between -38 and +150°C (-36.4 and +302°F). |
• | The intake air temperature (IAT) is between -38 and +150°C (-36.4 and +302°F). |
• | The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) is between 10-255 kPa. |
• | The vehicle speed is less than 300 km/h (186 mph). |
• | The engine speed is between 400-7,000 RPM. |
• | The mass air flow (MAF) is between 1-510 g/s. |
• | The barometric pressure (BARO) is more than 70 kPa. |
• | The fuel level is more than 10 percent. |
• | DTC P0171 or P0172 runs continuously when the above conditions have been met. |
Conditions for Setting the DTC
• | The average long term FT value is more or less than a calibrated value. |
• | The above condition is present for approximately 3 minutes after the Conditions for Running the DTC have been met. |
• | The diagnostic runs continuously. |
Actions Taken When DTC Sets
• | DTCs P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175 are Type B DTCs. |
• | The ECM records the operating conditions at the time the diagnostic fails. The first time the diagnostic fails the ECM stores this information in the Failure Records. If the diagnostic reports a failure on the second ignition cycle, the ECM records
the operating conditions at the time of the failure. the ECM writes the operating conditions to the Freeze Frame and updates the Failure Records. The ECM illuminates the malfunction indication lamp (MIL) when one of the following occurs: |
- | The ECM detects the same fuel trim failure during 2 consecutive trips. |
- | If the ECM detects any fuel trim failure during any subsequent trip if the conditions at the time of failure meet the following criteria: |
• | The engine load is within 20 percent of the previous test that failed. |
• | The engine speed is within 375 RPM of the previous test that failed. |
• | The engine coolant temperature is in the same range of the previous test that failed. |
Conditions for Clearing the MIL/DTC
• | DTCs P0171, P0172, P0174, P0175 are Type B DTCs. |
• | The ECM turns OFF the MIL at the beginning of the fourth ignition cycle, after 3 ignition cycles that the diagnostic runs and does not fail. |
• | A current DTC, Last Test Failed, clears when the diagnostic runs and passes. |
• | A history DTC and related Freeze Frame data clears after 40 warm-up cycles if no failures are reported by this or any other emission related diagnostic. |
• | Clear the MIL and the DTC with a scan tool. |
Diagnostic Aids
On vehicles equipped with a vacuum brake booster, rapid brake pedal cycling may imitate a vacuum leak.
Reference Information
Electrical Information Reference
DTC Type Reference
Powertrain Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Type Definitions
Scan Tool Reference
Control Module References for scan tool information
Circuit/System Verification
Note: Disregard any transmission symptoms, antilock brake system (ABS) indicators, and traction control system (TCS) indicators until any fuel trim faults are repaired. A fuel trim fault may cause default actions such as harsh shifts
and illumination of the ABS/TCS indicators.
• | Verify that other DTCs are not set. |
• | Allow the engine to reach operating temperature. With the engine running, observe the HO2S 1 parameter with a scan tool. The HO2S 1 value should vary from approximately 40 mV to approximately 900 mV, and respond to fueling
changes. |
⇒ | If the value does not vary from approximately 40 mV to approximately 900 mV, refer to
DTC P0030, P0036, P0053, P0054, P0135, or P0141 ,
DTC P0050, P0056, P0059, P0060, P0155, or P0161 ,
DTC P0131, P0132, P0137, or P0138 ,
DTC P0133, P0134, P013A, P013B, P013E, P013F, P0140, P1133, P2270, P2271, or P2A00 ,
DTC P0151, P0152, P0157, or P0158 , or
DTC P013C, P013D, P014A, P014B, P0153, P0154, P0160, P1153, P2272, P2273, or P2A03. |
| Note: The EVAP purge enablement may cause the FT to be momentarily outside the normal range.
|
• | The normal Short Term FT parameter should be between +10 percent and -10 percent, with near 0 percent the optimum, with the engine running at operating temperature. |
• | The Long Term FT parameter should be between +10 percent and -10 percent, with near 0 percent the optimum, with the engine running at operating temperature. |
Circuit/System Testing
P0171 and P0174
Allow the engine to reach operating temperature. With the engine running, observe the affected Long Term FT parameter with a scan tool. The reading should be between 0-19.5 percent.
⇒ | If not within the specified range, inspect for the following: |
• | With the ignition ON and the engine OFF, observe the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor parameter. The MAP sensor pressure should be within the range specified for your altitude. Refer to
Altitude Versus Barometric Pressure. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor does not indicate the correct barometric pressure, refer to
DTC P0106. |
• | With the engine idling and the transmission in the Park or Neutral position, observe the MAP sensor parameter. The MAP sensor parameter should be between 19-42 kPa. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor is not between 19-42 kPa at idle, refer to
DTC P0106. |
• | With the engine idling, observe the mass air flow (MAF) sensor parameter. The MAF sensor parameter should be between 3-10 g/s at idle. |
• | Vacuum hoses for splits, kinks, and improper connections |
• | Insufficient fuel in the tank |
• | Vacuum leaks at the intake manifold, the throttle body, the brake booster hose, and the injector O-rings |
• | The air induction system and the air intake ducts for leaks or for a missing air filter element |
• | A cracked EVAP canister |
• | Evaporative pipes obstructed or leaking |
• | The HO2S for improper installation and for electrical wires or connectors that may have contacted the exhaust system |
• | The HO2S signal circuit open, shorted to ground, or shorted to the low reference circuit |
• | The HO2S sensor 1 low signal circuit for an open circuit or high resistance |
Repair or replace as necessary.
P0172 and P0175
Allow the engine to reach operating temperature. With the engine running, observe the affected Long Term FT parameter with a scan tool. The reading should be between -25 and 0 percent.
⇒ | If not within the specified range, inspect for the following: |
• | With the ignition ON and the engine OFF, observe the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor parameter. The MAP sensor pressure should be within the range specified for your altitude. Refer to
Altitude Versus Barometric Pressure. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor does not indicate the correct barometric pressure, refer to
DTC P0106. |
• | With the engine idling and the transmission in the Park or Neutral position, observe the manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor parameter. The MAP sensor parameter should be between 19-42 kPa. |
⇒ | If the MAP sensor parameter is not between 19-42 kPa, refer to
DTC P0106. |
• | With the engine idling, observe the mass air flow (MAF) sensor parameter. The MAF sensor parameter should be between 3-10 g/s at idle. |
• | Vacuum hoses for splits, kinks, and improper connections |
• | The air duct for being collapsed or restricted |
• | The air filter for being dirty or restricted |
• | Objects blocking the throttle body |
• | The evaporative emissions control system for improper operation |
• | The HO2S 1 for improper installation and for electrical wires or connectors that may have contacted the exhaust system |
• | The HO2S 1 signal circuit shorted to voltage |
Repair or replace as necessary.
Repair Instructions
Repair Verification
Note: After repairs, use the scan tool Fuel Trim Reset function in order to reset the Long Term Fuel Trim values.
- Install any components or connectors that have been removed or replaced during diagnosis.
- Perform any adjustment, programming, or setup procedures that are required when a component or module is removed or replaced.
- Turn ON the ignition, with the engine OFF.
Note: DO NOT clear codes with the engine running. DTCs may reset in the same ignition cycle.
- Clear the DTCs.
- Turn OFF the ignition for 60 seconds.
- Start the engine.
- Duplicate the Conditions for Running the DTC and use Freeze Frame/Failure Records, if applicable, in order to verify the DTC does not reset. If the DTC resets or another DTC is present, refer to
Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) List - Vehicle and perform the appropriate diagnostic procedure.
- To verify that the performance of the catalytic converter has not been affected by the condition that set this DTC, perform the Repair Verification for DTC P0420 or P0430. Refer to
DTC P0420 or P0430.