Tire and Wheel Runout Measurement Cast-type Wheels

Tools Required

1. Inspect the following components:

•	The torque of the wheel nuts

•	The torque of the wheel clamp nuts

•	The rim and spoke mating surfaces. Verify that the surfaces are clean and free of distortions and corrosion.

•	All spokes for even rim alignment

•	The spoke-to-drum and the spoke-to-hub mating surfaces. Verify that the surfaces are clean and free of distortions and corrosion.

2. Raise and support the axle on the side which you are preparing to inspect.




Important: Do NOT position J 8001 at the end of the rim flange. When checking runout, exclude the area within two degrees of the rim butt weld.

3. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the rim surface.
4. Measure the wheel lateral runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

Reading
The lateral runout at the rim should not exceed 1.8 mm (0.07 in). If the wheel is distorted more than 1.8 mm (0.07 in), replace the rim.




5. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the tire surface.
6. Measure the total lateral runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

Reading
The total lateral runout at the tread edge should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in).

6.1.	If the wheel is distorted more than 3.1 mm (0.125 in), replace the rim.

6.2.	Loosen the wheel clamp nuts and re-torque. Refer to Wheel Installation in Tires and Wheels.

6.3.	Recheck the runout. If the runout exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.




7. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the rim surface.
8. Measure the radial runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel. Observe the high spots on the rim surface.

Reading
The radial runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in). If the wheel is distorted more than 3.1 mm (0.125 in), replace the rim.




9. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the tire surface.
10. Measure the total radial runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

•	For single wheels, loosen the wheel clamp nuts and re-torque. Refer to Wheel Installation in Tires and Wheels. Recheck the runout. If the runout exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.

•	For dual wheels, loosen the wheel clamp nuts of the outer wheel. Rotate the wheel in order to match with the high point of the inner wheel. Re-torque the wheel clamp nuts. Refer to Wheel Installation in Tires and Wheels. Recheck the runout. If the runout exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.

Tire and Wheel Runout Measurement Disc-type Wheels

Tools Required

1. Inspect the torque of the wheel nuts.
2. Inspect the rim-to-drum or the rim-to-hub mating surfaces. Verify that the surfaces are clean and free of distortions and corrosion.
3. Remove the tire-wheel assembly. Refer to Wheel Removal in Tires and Wheels.
4. Remove the tire from the wheel. Refer to Tire Mounting and Dismounting in Tires and Wheels.
5. Clean the rim-to-hub or the rim-to-drum mating surface and install the rim. Refer to Wheel Installation in Tires and Wheels.



6. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the rim surface.
7. Measure the wheel lateral runout using J 8001 while gently turning the rim.

Reading
The lateral runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in). If the rim exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.




8. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the rim surface.
9. Measure the wheel radial runout using J 8001 while gently turning the rim.

Reading
The radial runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in). If the rim exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.




10. Mount the tire to the wheel. Refer to Tire Mounting and Dismounting in Tires and Wheels.
11. Install the tire-wheel assembly. Refer to Wheel Installation in Tires and Wheels.
12. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the tire surface.
13. Measure the total radial runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

Reading
The radial runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in).

14. If the wheel exceeds this measurement, demount the wheel. Clean the rim-to-tire mating surfaces and mount the wheel to the rim. Refer to Tire Mounting and Dismounting in Tires and Wheels.
15. Return to the previous step and recheck the runout.

1. Place a straightedge on the face or the hub of the wheel.
2. Measure the distance from the straightedge (1) to the edge of the rim (2) at four equally spaced locations. If the distance (3) is the same at all positions, then the wheel is not distorted.

You may also check a dismounted wheel for radial and lateral runout. Temporarily mount the wheel to a hub on the vehicle. Follow the procedure for the On-Vehicle Check.

If you are not certain whether the wheel or the hub is distorted, check the hub using the following procedure:

1. Replace the existing wheel with a wheel known to be good.
2. Turn the wheel and perform the same measurements shown in the previous procedure.

If the measurements are within the limits of 2.3 mm (0.0938 in) laterally and radially, then the wheel is good, but the hub is sprung.

Tools Required

1. Inspect the torque of the wheel nuts.
2. Inspect the rim-to-drum or the rim-to-hub mating surfaces. Verify that the surfaces are clean and free of distortions and corrosion.
3. Raise and support the axle on the side that you are preparing to inspect.



4. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the rim surface.
5. Measure the wheel lateral runout using J 8001 while gently turning the rim.

Reading

•	The lateral runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in) for single wheels.

•	The lateral runout at the rim should not exceed 4.7 mm (0.187 in) for dual wheels.

6. If the rim exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.



7. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the tire surface.
8. Measure the total lateral runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

Reading

•	The lateral runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in) for single wheels.

•	The lateral runout at the rim should not exceed 4.7 mm (0.187 in) for dual wheels.

9. If the wheel exceeds this measurement, demount the wheel. Clean the rim-to-tire mating surfaces and mount the wheel to the rim. Refer to Tire Mounting and Dismounting in Tires and Wheels.
10. Return to the previous step and recheck the runout.



11. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the rim surface.
12. Measure the wheel radial runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

Reading
The radial runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in). If the rim exceeds this measurement, replace the rim.




13. Position J 34481 so that J 8001 contacts the tire surface.
14. Measure the total radial runout using J 8001 while gently turning the wheel.

Reading
The radial runout at the rim should not exceed 3.1 mm (0.125 in).

15. If the wheel exceeds this measurement, demount the wheel. Clean the rim-to-tire mating surfaces and mount the wheel to the rim. Refer to Tire Mounting and Dismounting in Tires and Wheels.
16. Return to the previous step and recheck the runout. if runout is excessive, replace the rim.

1. Place a straightedge on the face or the hub of the wheel.
2. Measure the distance from the straightedge (1) to the edge of the rim (2) at four equally spaced locations. If the distance (3) is the same at all positions, then the wheel is not distorted. You may also check a dismounted wheel for radial and lateral runout. Temporarily mount the wheel to a hub on the vehicle. Follow the procedure for the On-Vehicle Check

If you are not certain whether the wheel or the hub is distorted, check the hub using the following procedure:

1. Replace the existing wheel with a wheel known to be good.
2. Turn the wheel and perform the same measurements shown in the previous procedure.

If the measurements are within the limits of 2.3 mm (0.0938 in) laterally and radially, then the wheel is good, but the hub is sprung.