Circuit Description
The heated oxygen sensor (HO2S) is a sensor designed to create a voltage relative to the oxygen content in the engine exhaust stream. The control module supplies the HO2S with signal high and low circuits. Ignition voltage and ground are supplied to the HO2S heater by independent circuits. The oxygen content of the exhaust indicates when the engine is operating lean or rich. When the HO2S detects that the engine is operating rich, the signal voltage is high, and decreases the signal voltage as the engine runs leaner. This oscillation above and below the bias voltage, sometimes referred to as activity or switching, can be monitored with the HO2S signal voltage.
The HO2S contains a heater that is necessary in order to quickly warm the sensor to operating temperature. The heater also maintains the operating temperature during extended idle conditions. The HO2S needs to be at a high temperature in order to produce a voltage. When the HO2S reaches operating temperature, the control module monitors the HO2S bias, or reference, voltage. It also monitors the HO2S signal voltage for Closed Loop fuel control. During normal Closed Loop fuel control operation, the control module will add fuel, or enrich the mixture, when the HO2S detects a lean exhaust content. The control module will subtract fuel, or "lean-out" the mixture, when the HO2S detects a rich exhaust condition.
Certain vehicle models utilize an oxygen sensor behind the catalytic converter in order to monitor catalyst efficiency.
This diagnostic trouble code (DTC) determines if the HO2S is functioning properly. It checks for an adequate number of HO2S voltage transitions above and below the bias range of 300-600 mV. This DTC sets when the vehicle control module (VCM) fails to detect a minimum number of voltage transitions above and below the bias range during the test period. Possible causes of this DTC are:
| • | An open or a short to voltage on either the HO2S signal or HO2S low circuits |
| • | A malfunctioning HO2S |
| • | A problem in the HO2S heater or its circuit |
| • | A faulty HO2S ground |
This DTC is designed to detect an HO2S that produces too few lean to rich and rich to lean signal transitions. The VCM tests the HO2S for this within a calibrated time window.
Conditions for Running the DTC
| • | No active TP sensor DTCs |
| • | No active EVAP system DTCs |
| • | No active IAT sensor DTCs |
| • | No active MAP sensor DTCs |
| • | No active ECT sensor DTCs |
| • | No active MAF sensor DTCs |
| • | No active misfire DTCs |
| • | No intrusive tests (i.e., EGR or Catalyst) in progress |
| • | No device control in progress |
| • | The system voltage is between 11.7-18 volts. |
| • | DTCs P0151, P0152, P0154, and P0155 not active |
| • | The system is in closed loop. |
| • | The ECT is more than 57°C (135°F). |
| • | The engine has been running for more than 75 seconds. |
| • | The MAF is between 15-55 g/s. |
| • | The engine speed is between 1100-3000 RPM. |
| • | The EVAP canister purge is active. |
| • | The above conditions are present for more than 2 seconds. |
Conditions for Setting the DTC
The number of lean-to-rich and rich-to-lean transitions within a 100 second sample period were less than a calibrated value.
Action Taken When the DTC Sets
The VCM turns the MIL (Malfunction Indicator Lamp) ON after 2 consecutive test failures.
The VCM records the operating conditions at the time the diagnostic fails. The Freeze Frame and Failure Records store this information.
Conditions for Clearing the MIL or DTC
| • | The control module turns OFF the MIL after 3 consecutive drive trips when the test has run and passed. |
| • | A history DTC will clear if no fault conditions have been detected for 40 warm-up cycles. A warm-up cycle occurs when the coolant temperature has risen 22°C (40°F) from the startup coolant temperature and the engine coolant reaches a temperature that is more than 70°C (158°F) during the same ignition cycle. |
| • | Use a scan tool in order to clear the DTCs. |
Diagnostic Aids
Important: Never solder the HO2S wires. For proper wire and connector repairs, refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems.
Check for the following conditions:
| • | An improperly installed air intake duct |
| • | The air intake duct for collapsed ducting, restrictions, or a missing or plugged air filter |
| • | Throttle body and intake manifold vacuum leaks |
| • | A damaged or blocked throttle body inlet |
| • | Exhaust system for corrosion, leaks, or loose or missing hardware. Refer to Exhaust System Inspection in Engine Exhaust. |
| • | The HO2S is installed securely and the pigtail harness is not contacting the exhaust manifold or wires |
| • | HO2S contamination |
| • | Inspect the vacuum hoses for splits, kinks, and proper connections. |
| • | Excessive water, alcohol, or other contaminants in the fuel. Refer to Alcohol/Contaminants-in-Fuel Diagnosis . |
| • | Verify that the VCM sensor grounds that are clean, tight, and properly positioned. |
An intermittent may be caused by any of the following conditions:
| • | A poor connection |
| • | Rubbed through wire insulation |
| • | A broken wire inside the insulation |
Thoroughly inspect any circuitry that is suspected of causing the intermittent complaint. Refer to Testing for Intermittent Conditions and Poor Connections in Wiring Systems.
If a repair is necessary, refer to Wiring Repairs or Connector Repairs in Wiring Systems.
Test Description
The number below refers to the step number on the diagnostic table.
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HO2S contamination is indicated if multiple Response, Switching or Time Ratio HO2S DTCs are set.
-
The use of leaded fuel may be indicated by evidence of the removal of or tampering with the fuel filler restrictor.
An HO2S contaminated by silicon will have a white, powdery deposit on the portion of the HO2S that is exposed to the exhaust stream. The usual cause of silica contamination is the use of an unapproved silicon room-temperature vulcanizing (RTV) engine gasket material, or the use of silicon-based sprays or fluids within the engine.
If you do not correct the cause of this contamination, the replacement HO2S will also become contaminated.
-
Even small exhaust leaks can cause a slow response from the HO2S.
-
An HO2S contaminated by silicon will have a white, powdery deposit on the portion of the HO2S that is exposed to the exhaust stream. The usual cause of silica contamination is the use of unapproved silicon RTV engine gasket material, or the use of the use of silicon-based sprays or fluids within the engine. If you do not correct the cause of this contamination, the replacement HO2S will also become contaminated.
-
If the voltage observed in step 8 is less than the specified range, a short between the HIGH and LOW circuits, or a short between the HIGH circuit and ground is indicated. With the HO2S and the VCM disconnected, the resistance between the HIGH and LOW circuits and the resistance between the HIGH circuit and ground should measure infinite.
If the voltage observed in step 8 is greater than the range specified, a short between the HIGH circuit and an ignition voltage source is indicated.
-
If the voltage observed in step 9 is not below the voltage specified a high resistance, or open, HIGH or LOW circuit is indicated.
Good circuit continuity measures less than 5 ohms with the VCM and sensor disconnected. Measure between the VCM connector and the HO2S connector. Ensure that the VCM terminal contact is good.
Step | Action | Values | Yes | No | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Did you perform the Powertrain On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) System Check? | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Check for the following HO2S DTCs in addition to this DTC:
Are any of the above listed HO2S DTCs set? | -- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 | Are any powertrain component DTCs set? | -- | Go to the applicable DTC table | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Did you remove the contamination source and did you replace the affected sensors? | -- | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
5 |
Did this DTC run and fail this ignition cycle? | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 | The condition that set this DTC is not present. This DTC may have been set by one of the following conditions:
Did you find a problem? | -- | Go to Diagnostic Aids | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Repair any conditions as necessary. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Did you find and repair a problem? | -- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
8 |
Is the HO2S voltage within the specified value range? | 351 - 551 mV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
9 |
Is the HO2S voltage less than the specified value? | 20 mV | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
10 |
Does the test lamp illuminate? | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
11 | Connect the test lamp between the HO2S heater ignition feed circuit terminal on the engine harness side and the HO2S heater ground circuit terminal on the engine harness side. Does the test lamp illuminate? | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
HO2S contamination sources include the following:
Is the action complete? | -- | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Did you find a problem? | -- | Go to Diagnostic Aids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Is the action complete? | -- | -- | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
15 | Repair the HO2S Heater ignition feed circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Is the action complete? | -- | -- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
16 | Repair the HO2S Heater ground circuit. Refer to Wiring Repairs in Wiring Systems. Is the action complete? | -- | -- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
17 | Replace the HO2S. Refer to Heated Oxygen Sensor Replacement . Is the action complete? | -- | -- | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
18 |
Did this DTC run and Pass this ignition? | -- | System OK |
