Test Description
The numbers below refer to the step numbers in the diagnostic table:
-
A buildup of foreign material on a tire and wheel assembly and/or a damaged, abnormally or excessively worn tire and wheel assembly could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit excessive runout when measured while mounted on the vehicle, may or may not be contributing to, or causing a vibration disturbance. On-vehicle runout, if present, could contribute to, or cause a vibration disturbance, but the cause of the on-vehicle runout may not be the tire and wheel assemblies.
-
Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit excessive runout when measured off of the vehicle could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit marginal runout - within acceptable limits, but close to the maximum - when measured off of the vehicle could still be contributing to a vibration disturbance, if its mating hub/axle flange also exhibits marginal runout. When the tire and wheel assembly and the hub axle flange are mounted to each other, the combined stack-up of their marginal amounts of runout could combine to produce an excessive amount of runout, which could cause a vibration disturbance.
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Brake rotors that exhibit excessive imbalance could contribute to, or possibly cause a vibration disturbance.
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A hub/axle flange and/or wheel studs that exhibit excessive runout could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
When the tire and wheel assembly and the hub axle flange are mounted to each other, the combined stack-up of their marginal amounts of runout could combine to produce an excessive amount of runout, which could cause a vibration disturbance. Match-mounting or vectoring the tire and wheel assembly to the hub/axle flange will modify the amount of combined runout.
-
Force variation may be present in a tire and wheel assembly that exhibited acceptable balance and runout. Force variation, if present, could contribute to, or cause a vibration disturbance.
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Vibration disturbances could be affected by, or possibly caused by, components that are susceptible to steering input and/or torque-load input.
-
On-vehicle balancing, or finish-balancing can be used to reduce small amounts of imbalance which may be present as a result of the combined stack-up of the tire and wheel assembly with other components which may exhibit marginal balance.
Step | Action | Yes | No | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Has the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table been completed? | Go to Step 2 | |||||||||
2 | Based on the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table, is the concern first-order tire and wheel assembly related? | Go to Step 4 | Go to Step 3 | ||||||||
3 | Based on the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table, is the concern second-order, or higher-order tire and wheel assembly related? | Go to Step 19 | |||||||||
Visually inspect the tire and wheel assemblies for the following:
Refer to Tire and Wheel Inspection . Do any of the tire and wheel assemblies exhibit any of the conditions listed? | Go to Step 5 | Go to Step 6 | |||||||||
5 |
Did you complete the repair or replacement? | Go to Step 24 | -- | ||||||||
Measure the on-vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 7 | Go to Step 11 | |||||||||
Measure the off-vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - Off Vehicle . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 8 | |||||||||
Are any of the tire and wheel assembly runout measurements marginal; within acceptable limits, but close to the maximum? | Go to Step 9 | Go to Step 14 | |||||||||
9 |
Were you able to significantly reduce the amount of tire and wheel assembly runout? | Go to Step 10 | Go to Step 20 | ||||||||
10 | Measure the on-vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle . Does the measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 14 | Go to Step 24 | ||||||||
11 | Inspect the balance of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle . Are any or the tire and wheel assemblies out of balance? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 13 | ||||||||
12 | Balance the tire and wheel assemblies as necessary. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle . Were you able to achieve balance? | Go to Step 24 | |||||||||
Are any of the brake rotors damaged and/or out of balance? | Go to Step 17 | Go to Step 18 | |||||||||
Measure the runout of the hub/axle flanges and the wheel studs. Refer to Hub/Axle Flange and Wheel Stud Runout Inspection . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 16 | Go to Step 15 | |||||||||
Were you able to significantly reduce the amount of on-vehicle tire and wheel assembly runout? | Go to Step 24 | Go to Step 2 | |||||||||
16 | Replace components as required. Refer to the following procedures as necessary:
Did you complete the replacement? | Go to Step 24 | -- | ||||||||
17 | Replace the brake rotors as necessary. Refer to the appropriate procedure in Disc Brakes: Did you complete the replacement? | Go to Step 24 | -- | ||||||||
18 | Inspect for radial and lateral force variation. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Isolation Test . Were you able to isolate one or more of the tire and wheel assemblies as the cause of the disturbance? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 21 | ||||||||
Inspect for radial and lateral force variation. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Isolation Test . Were you able to isolate one or more of the tire and wheel assemblies as the cause of the disturbance? | Go to Step 20 | Go to Step 22 | |||||||||
20 | Replace any tires and/or wheels that were isolated as the cause of the disturbance, as necessary. Refer to Tire Mounting and Dismounting in Tires and Wheels. Did you complete the replacement? | Go to Step 24 | -- | ||||||||
Perform the Vibration Analysis - Hub/Axle Input table. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Hub and/or Axle Input . Did you find and correct a condition? | Go to Step 24 | Go to Step 23 | |||||||||
22 | Perform the Vibration Analysis - Hub/Axle Input table. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Hub and/or Axle Input . Did you find and correct a condition? | Go to Step 24 | |||||||||
Finish-balance the tire and wheel assemblies ON-vehicle. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - On-Vehicle . Did you complete the on-vehicle finish balancing? | Go to Step 24 | -- | |||||||||
24 |
Is the vibration still present? | Go to Step 2 | System OK |
Test Description
The numbers below refer to the step numbers in the diagnostic table:
-
A build-up of foreign material on a tire and wheel assembly and/or a damaged, abnormally or excessively worn tire and wheel assembly could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit excessive runout when measured while mounted on the vehicle, may or may not be contributing to, or causing a vibration disturbance. On-vehicle runout, if present, could contribute to, or cause a vibration disturbance, but the cause of the on-vehicle runout may not be the tire and wheel assemblies.
-
Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit excessive runout when measured off of the vehicle could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
Tire and wheel assemblies that exhibit marginal runout--within acceptable limits, but close to the maximum--when measured off of the vehicle could still be contributing to a vibration disturbance, if its mating hub/axle flange also exhibits marginal runout. When the tire and wheel assembly and the hub axle flange are mounted to each other, the combined stack-up of their marginal amounts of runout could combine to produce an excessive amount of runout, which could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
Brake rotors and/or brake drums, if equipped, that exhibit excessive imbalance could contribute to, or possibly cause a vibration disturbance.
-
A hub/axle flange and/or wheel studs that exhibit excessive runout could cause a vibration disturbance.
-
When the tire and wheel assembly and the hub axle flange are mounted to each other, the combined stack-up of their marginal amounts of runout could combine to produce an excessive amount of runout, which could cause a vibration disturbance. Match-mounting or vectoring the tire and wheel assembly to the hub/axle flange will modify the amount of combined runout.
-
Force variation may be present in a tire and wheel assembly that exhibited acceptable balance and runout. Force variation, if present, could contribute to, or cause a vibration disturbance.
-
Vibration disturbances could be affected by, or possibly caused by, components that are susceptible to steering input and/or torque-load input.
-
On-vehicle balancing, or finish-balancing can be used to reduce small amounts of imbalance which may be present as a result of the combined stack-up of the tire and wheel assembly with other components which may exhibit marginal balance.
Step | Action | Yes | No | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Has the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table been completed? | Go to Step 2 | |||||||
2 | Based on the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table, is the concern first-order tire and wheel assembly related? | Go to Step 4 | Go to Step 3 | ||||||
3 | Based on the Vibration Analysis - Road Testing table, is the concern second-order, or higher-order tire and wheel assembly related? | Go to Step 18 | |||||||
Visually inspect the tire and wheel assemblies for the following:
Refer to Tire and Wheel Inspection . Do any of the tire and wheel assemblies exhibit any of the conditions listed? | Go to Step 5 | Go to Step 6 | |||||||
5 |
Did you complete the repair or replacement? | Go to Step 23 | -- | ||||||
Measure the on-vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 7 | Go to Step 12 | |||||||
Measure the off-vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - Off Vehicle . Does the runout measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 19 | Go to Step 8 | |||||||
8 | Is the vehicle equipped with run-flat tires? | Go to Step 12 | Go to Step 9 | ||||||
Are any of the tire and wheel assembly runout measurements marginal; within acceptable limits, but close to the maximum? | Go to Step 10 | Go to Step 15 | |||||||
10 |
Important: Ensure that each tire and wheel assembly that is match-mounted is properly balanced before reinstalling to the vehicle.
Were you able to significantly reduce the amount of tire and wheel assembly runout? | Go to Step 11 | Go to Step 19 | ||||||
11 | Re-measure the on-vehicle runout of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Runout Measurement - On-Vehicle . Does the measurement indicate a runout concern? | Go to Step 15 | Go to Step 23 | ||||||
12 | Inspect the balance of the tire and wheel assemblies. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle . Are any or the tire and wheel assemblies out of balance? | Go to Step 13 | Go to Step 14 | ||||||
13 | Balance the tire and wheel assemblies as necessary. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - Off Vehicle . Were you able to achieve balance? | Go to Step 23 | |||||||
Did you find and correct a condition? | Go to Step 23 | Go to Step 17 | |||||||
Did you find and correct a condition? | Go to Step 23 | Go to Step 16 | |||||||
Were you able to significantly reduce the amount of on-vehicle tire and wheel assembly runout? | Go to Step 23 | Go to Step 2 | |||||||
17 | Inspect for radial and lateral force variation. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Isolation Test . Were you able to isolate one or more of the tire and wheel assemblies as the cause of the disturbance? | Go to Step 19 | Go to Step 20 | ||||||
Inspect for radial and lateral force variation. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Isolation Test . Were you able to isolate one or more of the tire and wheel assemblies as the cause of the disturbance? | Go to Step 19 | Go to Step 21 | |||||||
19 | Replace any tires and/or wheels that were isolated as the cause of the disturbance, as necessary. Did you complete the replacement? | Go to Step 23 | -- | ||||||
Perform the Vibration Analysis - Hub/Axle Input table. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Hub and/or Axle Input . Did you find and correct a condition? | Go to Step 23 | Go to Step 22 | |||||||
21 | Perform the Vibration Analysis - Hub/Axle Input table. Refer to Vibration Analysis - Hub and/or Axle Input . Did you find and correct a condition? | Go to Step 23 | |||||||
Finish-balance the tire and wheel assemblies on-vehicle. Refer to Tire and Wheel Assembly Balancing - On-Vehicle . Did you complete the on-vehicle finish balancing? | Go to Step 23 | -- | |||||||
23 |
Is the vibration still present? | Go to Step 2 | System OK |
